50-State Mandatory Disclosure Table
Legal information, not legal advice. This table synthesizes the §1 “Formation & Mandatory Disclosures” module of each of the 56 jurisdiction pages. Every cell reflects what the linked jurisdiction page actually states and its cited primary source; where a page flags a point as
needs_verification, the cell reads “unverified” or ”—“. Statutes in this area are frequently amended — verify against the linked page and its primary citation before relying. Last verified: 2026-06-08.
What this table answers
For every US jurisdiction: does the state mandate contract-for-deed-specific written disclosures? — and, if the only mandatory disclosure is a general residential seller’s-disclosure act that happens to reach installment sales, the table says so. It then lists the disclosed items, whether a form is prescribed, and the penalty for omission, each with the controlling statute.
Reading the “CFD-specific?” column:
- Yes — CFD-specific = a statute keyed to the installment-land-contract / contract-for-deed instrument itself prescribes contract contents or pre-sale disclosures.
- General act only = no CFD-specific statute, but a general residential property-condition disclosure act expressly reaches installment sales / land contracts (so a disclosure is still mandatory).
- No = no mandatory disclosure statute applies to a private CFD; only common-law fraud / UDAP residual exposure (no statutory “penalty for omission”).
See also texas, minnesota, forfeiture-vs-foreclosure, statutory-cancellation, and the federal overlay dodd-frank-seller-financing.
Master table — all 56 jurisdictions
| Jurisdiction | CFD-specific mandate? | Disclosed items (statute) | Form prescribed? | Penalty for omission | Controlling citation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| alabama | No | None (caveat emptor; general fraud only) | No | None CFD-specific; general fraud/suppression | Ala. Code §35-4-53 (recording); no disclosure statute |
| alaska | No | None CFD-specific (ULSPA covers subdivided-land sales) | No | None CFD-specific; ULSPA civil remedies for subdivided land | AS ch. 34.55 (ULSPA) |
| american-samoa | No | None located; communal-land alienation rules dominate | No | Communal-land conveyance without Governor approval is void; §37.0230 penalties | A.S.C.A. §§37.0203, 37.0204, 37.0230 |
| arizona | General act only (rural) | None CFD-specific; Affidavit of Disclosure for ≤5 unsubdivided rural parcels (access, floodplain, water) | Yes (§33-422 affidavit) | 5-day buyer rescission (§33-422); else common-law/consumer fraud | A.R.S. §33-422; §44-1522 |
| arkansas | No | None CFD-specific | No | None CFD-specific; DTPA/common-law fraud residual | Ark. Code §4-88-101 et seq. (residual) |
| california | Yes — CFD-specific (narrow) | In-contract: term + tax-estimate basis (§2985.5); Subdivision Map Act compliance (§2985.51); + general TDS/NHD | Content prescribed (not single form) | §2985.51: recover all paid + 9% + $500 + fees, or void; willful = misdemeanor | Cal. Civ. Code §§2985.5, 2985.51 |
| colorado | Yes — CFD-specific (tax-escrow + notice) | Public-trustee tax-escrow designation; notice of transfer to treasurer + transfer declaration to assessor (90 days) | No (notice contents prescribed) | Buyer may void; return of all payments + statutory interest + fees (7-yr window) | C.R.S. §38-35-126(2)–(3) |
| connecticut | General act only | None CFD-specific; Residential Property Condition Disclosure Report (1–4 units) — applicability to CFD unverified | Yes (ch. 392 report) | $500 credit at closing for non-delivery (§20-327c); CUTPA for misrepresentation | Conn. Gen. Stat. §§20-327b et seq. |
| delaware | Yes — CFD-specific | Complete amortization schedule w/ per-payment P&I + balance; stated principal exclusive of interest; unimproved-land NOTICE (§313) | Content prescribed | Contract voidable at either party’s option before settlement (§314(e)) | 25 Del. C. §314(a)–(f) |
| district-of-columbia | No | None CFD-specific; CPPA + general seller-disclosure (§42-1301) applicability unverified | No | None CFD-specific; CPPA damages/treble/fees (§28-3905) | D.C. Code §28-3904; §28-3905 |
| florida | No | None CFD-specific; general property-tax disclosure summary (§689.261) + common-law latent-defect duty | No (tax summary statutory) | None CFD-specific; rescission/damages (johnson-v-davis-1985) | Fla. Stat. §689.261; Johnson v. Davis |
| georgia | No | None CFD-specific | No | None CFD-specific; common-law rescission / FBPA | O.C.G.A. §13-4-60 (residual); no disclosure statute |
| guam | No | None CFD-specific; general fraud/UDAP unverified | No | None CFD-specific | (no disclosure statute located; Title 21 TOC) |
| hawaii | General act only | None agreement-of-sale-specific; ch. 508D residential disclosure (material facts) reaches agreements of sale; 454F seller-finance disclosures | Yes (ch. 508D statement) | Buyer may rescind within 15 days; cut off once sale recorded (§508D-16) | HRS §§508D-4, 508D-5, 508D-16 |
| idaho | General act only | None CFD-specific; Property Condition Disclosure Act expressly covers installment-sale contracts (condition only) | Yes (§55-2508 form) | Actual damages for willful/negligent violation (§55-2517) | Idaho Code §§55-2504, 55-2508, 55-2517 |
| illinois | Yes — CFD-specific (extensive) | §67/10 content list (price, APR, balloon, tax values, amortization, tax/insurance/repair allocation) + AG disclosure + 3-day cooling-off | Yes (AG disclosure form; §67/75) | Consumer Fraud Act violation: actual damages, fees, punitives; non-waivable | 765 ILCS 67/10, 67/70, 67/85 |
| indiana | Yes — CFD-specific | (1) Sales Disclosure form (installment contracts) + (2) land-contract encumbrance notice by certified mail (IC 24-9-3-7(d)) | Yes (IREC form; IC 32-21-5-7) | Form: limited (knowledge-gated; 2-day rescission on amendment). Encumbrance-notice: Home Loan Practices remedies (damages, fees) | IC 32-21-5-7/-10; IC 24-9-3-7(d) |
| iowa | Yes — CFD-specific (trigger-gated) | §558.70 disclosure statement: assessed value, taxes/delinquency/tax-sale certs, all liens, full amortization, balloon, rate, right to counsel, forfeiture warning | Content prescribed | Within 1 yr: rescind or money judgment (all sums + improvements − rental) + fees (§558.71) | Iowa Code §558.70; §558.71 |
| kansas | Yes — CFD-specific (encumbrance) | No itemized schedule; §58-5203 conduct rule: seller must hold clear title or disclose encumbrance to buyer + disclose CFD to lienholder + release by final payment | No | Violation = KCPA deceptive act: civil penalty up to $10,000/violation + AG/private remedies | K.S.A. 58-5203 (L. 2024); §50-636(a) |
| kentucky | General act only (licensee-gated) | None CFD-specific; §324.360 seller-disclosure form only where a licensee is involved & compensated | Yes (KREC form; licensee deals) | Licensee discipline under KRS ch. 324 (not buyer rescission); common-law fraud | KRS 324.360 |
| louisiana | No | None bond-for-deed-specific; structural rules (encumbrance/release-price §9:2942, escrow §9:2943) instead; §9:3196–3200 PCDS applicability unverified | No | None CFD-specific (no per-day/rescission penalty) | La. R.S. 9:2941–2947 (no disclosure schedule) |
| maine | Yes — CFD-specific (17-item) | §482(1) ¶¶A–Q: parties, legal description, price/charges/down/balance, installments, rate, conspicuous encumbrance statement, “not-a-mortgage” statement, cure-rights statement, tax/prepayment terms | Content prescribed (TILA satisfies ¶¶D–I) | No express statutory per-violation penalty (gap); anti-evasion §483 + foreclosure-not-forfeiture §6203-F; UTPA residual | 33 M.R.S. §482; §483 |
| maryland | Yes — CFD-specific (extensive) | §10-103 contents: parties, legal description, 6-mo transfer history, acceleration right, itemized financials + rate, 12-pt bold default-judgment + copy notices | Content prescribed | §10-103 has no stand-alone penalty; §10-102 15-day deliver-or-void + §10-108 equity action + fee-shifting | Md. Code RP §§10-102, 10-103, 10-108 |
| massachusetts | No | None CFD-specific (no land-contract statute at all) | No | None CFD-specific; c.93A (double/treble + fees), common-law fraud, AG | M.G.L. c.93A §§2, 9 |
| michigan | General act only | None land-contract-specific; Seller Disclosure Act (Act 92/1993) covers transfer by land contract (1–4 units) | Yes (MCL 565.957 form) | Pre-closing: purchaser may terminate purchase agreement; no new cause of action beyond common law | MCL 565.951–565.966; §565.957 |
| minnesota | Yes — CFD-specific (investor sellers) | ch. 559A (eff. 2024): balloon disclosure, seller’s own acquisition price/date, essential terms, “NOT a mortgage” disclosure, amortization, translated disclosures (≥10 days pre-execution) | Content prescribed (non-waivable) | Material violation: rescind + all paid (− rental) + improvements + damages + fees within 2 yrs; or $5,000 statutory damages | Minn. Stat. §559A.03; §559A.05 |
| mississippi | General act only | None CFD-specific; Real Estate Transfer Disclosure (PCDS) reaches real-property sales contracts & lease-options (1–4 units) | Yes (MREC PCDS, not personalized) | Terminate offer within 3 days (in-person) / 5 days (mail); actual damages (§89-1-523); no auto-rescission | Miss. Code §89-1-503 |
| missouri | No | None CFD-specific (proposed CFD Act never enacted) | No | None CFD-specific; general fraud / MMPA where seller is “merchant” | RSMo Ch. 442 (no §§442.700-range); Ch. 407 residual |
| montana | No (niche subdivision exception) | None statewide; §76-3-303 escrow/disclosure only for unplatted subdivision land | No | Subdivision context: voids structure + mandatory refund; else general fraud / MCPA | MCA 76-3-303 |
| nebraska | General act only | None CFD-specific; Seller Property Condition Disclosure Act (1–4 units; reaches lease-with-option) | Yes (§76-2,120 statement) | Actual damages + costs + fees within 1 yr; no void/rescission right | Neb. Rev. Stat. §76-2,120 |
| nevada | Yes — CFD-specific (DTPA) | §598.0923(1)(f): written disclosure of encumbrances/conditions; legal access; record within 30 days; pay transfer tax; include NRS ch. 40 foreclosure-equivalent rights | No (content prescribed) | Deceptive trade practice: private action (damages, fees) + AG penalties up to $15,000/willful + treble + criminal | NRS 598.0923(1)(f); §598.0999 |
| new-hampshire | General act only | None CFD-specific; RSA 477:4-a/-c/-d pre-sale notifications (radon, arsenic, lead, PFAS, flood, water/sewage) reach any contract for an interest in real property | No (each section prescribes its content) | Not a per-section damages/rescission penalty (4-a disclaims liability); CPA / common-law residual — unverified | RSA 477:4-a, :4-c, :4-d |
| new-jersey | No | None CFD-specific (proposed Real Estate Installment Contract Act not law); CFA + license-rule duties | No | None CFD-specific; CFA treble damages + fees (§56:8-19) | N.J.S.A. 56:8-2; §56:8-19 |
| new-mexico | No | None statutorily required for an REC (S.B. 320 disclosure package never enacted); §47-13-2 default = no duty to disclose | No | No per-statute REC penalty; common-law rescission / UPA | NMSA §47-13-2; §57-12-1 et seq. (residual) |
| new-york | General act only | None CFD-specific; Property Condition Disclosure Act (RPL art. 14) expressly includes installment land sale contracts (1–4 family) | Yes (verbatim PCDS form; RPL §462) | Post-2024: actual damages for willful failure (RPL §465; $500 credit deleted) + common-law fraud | N.Y. RPL §§461, 462, 465 |
| north-carolina | Yes — CFD-specific (robust) | §47H-2(b) 15+ items (financials, rate, public-record matters, cure rights, tax/insurance allocation, 47E disclosure, delinquency); 14-pt lien warning (§47H-6); 3-day cancel notice | Content + wording/typeface prescribed | §47H-8: damages, rescission, equitable relief (cumulative); §47H-6 violation = damages or rescission w/ return of payments | N.C. G.S. §§47H-2, 47H-6, 47H-8 |
| north-dakota | No | None CFD-specific | No | None CFD-specific; general fraud / common-law disclosure | N.D.C.C. ch. 32-18 (no disclosure article) |
| northern-mariana-islands | No | None CFD-specific; deal-defining “disclosure” is buyer’s NMD status (Art. XII) | No | Constitutional voidness of restricted-interest conveyance to ineligible buyer (Art. XII §6); Restatement fraud | CNMI Const. art. XII §6 |
| ohio | Yes — CFD-specific | §5313.02(A) contents: parties, legal description, price, charges, down, principal balance, installments, rate + computation method, encumbrance statement, warranty-deed obligation, cure rights, tax allocation, pending orders | Content prescribed | No per-day fine; §5313.04 — court “shall grant appropriate relief”; damages measure unverified | ORC §5313.02; §5313.04 |
| oklahoma | General act only | None CFD-specific; Residential Property Condition Disclosure Act (1–2 units) generally covers CFD possessory transfer | Yes (RPCD statement) | Actual damages + costs (§837, unverified text); not rescission | 60 O.S. §§831–839 |
| oregon | General act only | None CFD-specific; general Seller’s Property Disclosure Statement (~50-question form) on written offer | Yes (statutory SPDS) | Revocation of offer (5 business days; anytime pre-closing if refused); no statutory damages; common law preserved | ORS 105.464, 105.465 |
| pennsylvania | Split: General statewide + CFD-specific (Phila/Allegheny) | Statewide: Seller’s Property Disclosure (1–4 units). Phila & Allegheny Co.: implied marketable-title + on-request balance/itemization/receipts (68 P.S. §907) | Yes (statewide SPDS) | Statewide: actual damages (§7311). Phila/Allegheny: after 30-day demand failure, terminate + recover all payments | 68 Pa.C.S. §§7301–7314; 68 P.S. §907 |
| puerto-rico | No | None CFD-specific; Civil Code seller duties — deliver free of encumbrances, “all information… boundaries, privileges and charges” (Art. 1287) | No | General contract/eviction remedies (saneamiento, damages, resolution); no per-day penalty | Código Civil 2020 Arts. 1279, 1287 |
| rhode-island | General act only | None CFD-specific; ch. 5-20.8 disclosure act expressly defines “agreement to transfer” to include installment-sales contract (1–4 units) | Yes (RI disclosure form) | Civil penalty up to $1,000 per occurrence (§5-20.8-5); + DTPA/common-law | R.I. Gen. Laws §§5-20.8-1, -2, -5 |
| south-carolina | General act only | None CFD-specific; Residential Property Condition Disclosure Act applies to installment land sales contracts (1–4 units) | Yes (statutory form; §27-50-40) | Knowing violation: actual damages + costs (+ possible fees) (§27-50-65); failure to deliver does not void | S.C. Code §§27-50-20, -40, -65 |
| south-dakota | General act only | None CFD-specific; §§43-4-37 to -44 residential condition disclosure (form §43-4-44) baseline | Yes (§43-4-44 form) | Intentional/negligent violation: actual damages, costs, fees; CFD-trigger point unverified | SDCL §§43-4-37 to 43-4-44 |
| tennessee | General act only | None CFD-specific (financial); Residential Property Disclosure Act covers installment land sales contracts (condition only; 1–4 units) | Yes/disclaimer (§66-5-202) | Actual damages or pre-closing termination; 1-yr limit (§66-5-208); no post-closing rescission | Tenn. Code §§66-5-201, -202, -208 |
| texas | Yes — CFD-specific (the model) | §5.069: survey/plat, copies of liens/encumbrances/covenants/easements, condition notice, title advice. §5.070: tax certificate (delinquency), insurance evidence | Content prescribed | §5.069 violation = DTPA act; cancel and rescind + recover all payments (§5.069(d)) | Tex. Prop. Code §§5.069, 5.070 |
| us-virgin-islands | No | None CFD-specific; general contract/fraud + federal Dodd-Frank/TILA | No | None CFD-specific | (no V.I. disclosure statute located; see needs_verification) |
| utah | No | None CFD-specific; agent-assisted deals trigger R162-2f disclosure practice only | No (FSBO) | N/A — no statutory duty to violate; common-law fraud / Div. of Real Estate discipline | Utah Code Title 57 (no disclosure statute) |
| vermont | No | None CFD-specific; no statewide mandatory property-condition disclosure statute; CPA + common-law fraud | No | None CFD-specific; common-law fraud + Consumer Protection Act (§2453) | 9 V.S.A. §2453 (residual) |
| virginia | Yes — CFD-specific (“best-practice”) | §55.1-3003 best-practice contents: parties, legal description, term/payments, tax-assessment info, liens/encumbrances, fixed price, option terms, total, notarized signatures | Content prescribed (BHCD-published) | No per-day/rescission penalty tied to §55.1-3003; §55.1-3002 vendor-default remedies + fees; rescission-vs-only-default unverified | Va. Code §55.1-3003; §55.1-3002 |
| washington | General act only | None CFD-specific; ch. 64.06 disclosure act expressly: “transfer of a vendee’s interest under a real estate contract is subject to this chapter” (Form 17) | Yes (Form 17; §64.06.020) | Buyer may rescind within 3 business days (or until close if never delivered); §64.06.030/.040 | RCW §§64.06.010, .020, .030 |
| west-virginia | No | None CFD-specific (SB 191 vendor-disclosure regime not enacted); common-law fraud + WV CCPA (ch. 46A) where consumer credit | No | None CFD-specific (no statutory per-omission penalty) | (no statute; SB 191 not enacted) |
| wisconsin | General act only | None CFD-specific; ch. 709 Real Estate Condition Report applies to transfer “by sale, exchange, or land contract” (1–4 units) | Yes (§709.03 form) | Buyer may rescind within 2 business days after 10-day window if report not furnished (§709.02, .05) | Wis. Stat. §§709.02, 709.03, 709.05 |
| wyoming | No | None CFD-specific; no general property-condition disclosure statute (caveat emptor); licensee adverse-material-fact duty only | No | No CFD-specific penalty; common-law fraud / WCPA; broker discipline (§33-28-303) | W.S. 33-28-303 (licensee only) |
Quick tallies (from the rows above)
- Yes — CFD/installment-contract-specific disclosure mandate (≈16): California (narrow), Colorado, Delaware, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa (trigger-gated), Kansas (encumbrance rule), Maine, Maryland, Minnesota (investor sellers), Nevada, North Carolina, Ohio, Pennsylvania (Phila/Allegheny only), Texas, Virginia (best-practice). Arizona’s §33-422 affidavit is CFD-adjacent but limited to rural unsubdivided parcels.
- General residential-disclosure act that expressly reaches CFDs/installment sales (≈17): Connecticut, Hawaii, Idaho, Kentucky (licensee-gated), Michigan, Mississippi, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New York, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania (statewide), Rhode Island, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Washington, Wisconsin.
- No mandatory disclosure statute reaching a private CFD (≈19): Alabama, Alaska, American Samoa, Arkansas, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Guam, Louisiana, Massachusetts, Missouri, Montana (outside subdivision niche), New Jersey, New Mexico, North Dakota, Northern Mariana Islands, Puerto Rico, US Virgin Islands, Utah, Vermont, West Virginia, Wyoming. (Several of these carry a residual UDAP/common-law-fraud exposure but no statutory “penalty for omission.“)
(Tallies are interpretive groupings of the cited rows and overlap at the edges — Pennsylvania appears in two buckets by design. The authoritative statement for each jurisdiction is its own jurisdiction page and the cited statute.)
Penalty-type patterns
- Voidable / rescission keyed to disclosure or delivery: Colorado (void), Delaware (voidable), Iowa, Maryland (deliver-or-void), Minnesota, North Carolina, Texas (cancel-and-rescind), Washington/Wisconsin/Hawaii/New York (rescind on the general act).
- Damages-only (no void): Idaho, Nebraska, New York (willful), Oklahoma, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Pennsylvania (statewide), Virginia (vendor-default remedies).
- Consumer-protection-act civil penalty / treble exposure: Illinois (Consumer Fraud Act, punitives), Kansas (15,000/willful + treble + criminal), New Jersey (CFA treble), Massachusetts (c.93A double/treble).
- No statutory penalty (residual common-law/UDAP only): Alabama, Arkansas, Georgia, Missouri, New Mexico, North Dakota, Utah, Vermont, West Virginia, Wyoming, and the territories without a CFD or general-disclosure statute.
Disclaimer. This page is legal information, not legal advice, and may be out of date. Contract-for-deed disclosure statutes are frequently amended (Minnesota, Kansas, and Illinois have all reformed since 2017; New York’s penalty changed in 2024), and several cells reflect general residential-disclosure acts whose application to a specific installment land contract is fact-specific or flagged
needs_verificationon the source page. Consult a licensed attorney in the relevant jurisdiction before drafting, enforcing, or signing an installment land contract.